Coffee, also called 'green gold', caused a 'gold rush' in the region, which attracted workers and adventurous people from many parts of the world. The rapid development of coffee cultivation brought wealth and progress to the city, which by the 1880s had become the largest coffee producer in the world. In the 1870s, the coffee crop arrived to Ribeirão Preto. Initially the main rural activities were pastures, cattle and subsistence agriculture.

The fertile soil of Ribeirão Preto region allowed a high crop productivity. The city was built by a stream called Black Creek, and was named after it ( Ribeirão Preto means black creek in Portuguese, sometimes translated as 'Black Stream'). The municipality was founded June 19, 1856, being populated initially by farmers and African slaves coming from other areas of São Paulo (especially from Mogi Mirim and São Simão) and Minas Gerais looking for land with good pastures. See also: Coffee production in Brazil Panoramic view of Ribeirão Preto Pinguim Beerhouse, Dom Pedro Theatre, and projects such as Ribeirão Preto's Cinema Center are relevant sightseeing points, along with events such as the Agrishow Agricultural Fair, Tanabata Festival, Joao Rock Music Festival, and the National Outdoor Book Fair. The Mayor Luiz Roberto Jábali Park, the Maurilio Biagi Park, Carlos Raya Park, Santa Tereza Reserve, and the Zoo are important preservation areas. The city is also an important cultural center. These activities have caused the city to have the 30th biggest gross national (GNP) in Brazil. In the second half of the 20th century, investment in health, biotechnology, bioenergy, and information technology led to the city being declared a Technological Center in 2010.

Coffee was a primary income source until 1929 when it lost value compared with the industrial sector. The city originated around 1856 as an agricultural region. The city's average temperature throughout the year is 23 ☌ (73 ☏), and the original predominant vegetation is the Atlantic forest. It is located 313 km (194 mi) from the city of São Paulo and 706 km (439 mi) from Brasília, the federal capital. It has an estimated population of 720,216 in 2021 and a metropolitan area of 1,178,910. Ribeirão Preto is the eighth-largest municipality in the State with 650.9 km 2 (251.3 sq mi). Ribeirão Preto (Portuguese pronunciation: ) is a municipality and a metropolitan area located in the northeastern region of São Paulo state, Brazil.

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